The compound perfect indicative is formed with the auxiliary verb "to have" and the past participle of the verb.

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The auxiliary verb "to have" has the following forms:

Eu am	Noi am
Tu ai	Voi ați
El / ea a	Ei / ele au

The compound perfect indicative

Affirmative form

A lucra (to work)

Eu am lucrat (I worked)	Noi am lucrat (we worked)
Tu ai lucrat(you worked)	Voi ați lucrat(you worked)
El / ea a lucrat(he / she worked)	Ei / ele au lucrat(they worked)

Negative form

Eu nu am lucrat = eu n am lucrat (I didn't work)	Noi nu am lucrat = noi n am lucrat (we didn't work)
Tu nu ai lucrat = tu n ai lucrat (you didn't work)	Voi nu ați lucrat = voi n ați lucrat (you didn't work)
El / ea nu a lucrat = el / ea n a lucrat (he / she didn't work)	Ei / ele nu au lucrat = ei / ele n au lucrat (they didn't work)

The participle

The participle is formed by replacing the infinitive ending with the participle ending. The participle ending are different according to each group of verbs. Phonetic mutations may also occur in the stem or at the end of the stem.

1^st conjugation: the participle ending is –at

A dansa (to dance) – dansat

A învăța (to learn) – învățat

A lucra (to work) – lucrat

2^nd conjugation: the participle ending is  ut

A vrea (to want) – vrut

A bea (to drink) – băut

A vedea (to see) – văzut

A avea (to have)   avut

3^rd conjugation: the participle endings are  ut, -s or -t

A cere (to ask)   cerut

A crede (to believe)   crezut

A face (to do)   făcut

A merge (to go) – mers

A scrie (to write)   scris

A trimite (to send)   trimis

A fierbe (to boil)   fiert

A rupe (to break)   rupt

4^th conjugation: the participle endings are  it,  ât

A dormi (to sleep)   dormit

A iubi (to love)   iubit

A veni (to come)   venit

A hotărî (to decide)  hotărât

Examples of verbs in the Past

1^st conjugation

A cumpăra: eu am cumpărat, tu ai cumpărat, el / ea a cumpărat, noi am cumpărat, voi ați cumpărat, ei / ele au cumpărat

A dansa: eu am dansat, tu ai dansat, el / ea a dansat, noi am dansat, voi ați dansat, ei / ele au dansat

2^nd conjugation

A bea: eu am băut, tu ai băut, el / ea a băut, noi am băut, voi ați băut, ei / ele au băut

A vedea: eu am văzut, tu ai văzut, el / ea a văzut, noi am văzut , voi ați văzut, ei / ele au văzut

3^rd conjugation

A face: eu am făcut, tu ai făcut, el / ea a făcut, noi am făcut, voi ați făcut, ei / ele au făcut.

A cere: eu am cerut, tu ai cerut, el / ea a cerut, noi am cerut, voi ați cerut , ei / ele au cerut

4^th conjugation

A veni: eu am venit, tu ai venit, el / ea a venit, noi am venit, voi ați venit, ei / ele au venit.

A vorbi: eu am vorbit, tu ai vorbit, el / ea a vorbit, noi am vorbit, voi ați vorbit, ei / ele au vorbit.

Mona Pologea, PhD. Linguist, Rolang School Managing Director